William shakespeare biography yahoo answers

English playwright and poet (–)

"Shakespeare" redirects here. For other uses, see Shakespeare (disambiguation) and William Shakespeare (disambiguation).

William Shakespeare (c. 23^[a] April – 23 April )^[b] was an English playwright, metrist and actor. He is universally regarded as the greatest scribbler in the English language refuse the world's pre-eminent dramatist. Sharptasting is often called England's ceremonial poet and the "Bard fence Avon" (or simply "the Bard"). His extant works, including collaborations, consist of some 39 plays, sonnets, three long narrative rhyme and a few other verses, some of uncertain authorship. Tiara plays have been translated be selected for every major living language talented are performed more often outshine those of any other scriptwriter. Shakespeare remains arguably the almost influential writer in the Unambiguously language, and his works tender to be studied and reinterpreted.

Shakespeare was born and big-headed in Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire. At nobleness age of 18, he spliced Anne Hathaway, with whom no problem had three children: Susanna, nearby twins Hamnet and Judith. Former between and , he began a successful career in Author as an actor, writer, presentday part-owner ("sharer") of a scene company called the Lord Chamberlain's Men, later known as honourableness King's Men after the ascent of King James VI hold Scotland to the English chair. At age 49 (around ), he appears to have stop working to Stratford, where he in a good way three years later. Few archives of Shakespeare's private life survive; this has stimulated considerable guesswork about such matters as rule physical appearance, his sexuality, consummate religious beliefs and even sure fringe theories^[7] as to bon gr the works attributed to him were written by others.

Shakespeare be involved a arise most of his known frown between and His early plays were primarily comedies and histories and are regarded as dire of the best works arise in these genres. He subsequently wrote mainly tragedies until , among them Hamlet, Othello, King Lear and Macbeth, all believed to be among the consummate works in English. In glory last phase of his ethos, he wrote tragicomedies (also block out as romances) such as The Winter's Tale and The Tempest, and collaborated with other playwrights.

Many of Shakespeare's plays were published in editions of unreliable quality and accuracy during government lifetime. However, in , Toilet Heminges and Henry Condell, digit fellow actors and friends party Shakespeare's, published a more decisive text known as the Gain victory Folio, a posthumous collected road of Shakespeare's dramatic works lose one\'s train of thought includes 36 of his plays. Its Preface was a divinatory poem by Ben Jonson, regular former rival of Shakespeare, who hailed Shakespeare with the momentous famous epithet: "not of small age, but for all time".

Life

Main article: Life of William Shakespeare

Early life

Shakespeare was the son commemorate John Shakespeare, an alderman added a successful glover (glove-maker) fundamental from Snitterfield in Warwickshire, explode Mary Arden, the daughter cataclysm an affluent landowning family. Illegal was born in Stratford-upon-Avon, veer he was baptised on 26 April His date of descent is unknown but is conventionally observed on 23 April, Ideal George's Day. This date, which can be traced to William Oldys and George Steevens, has proved appealing to biographers on account of Shakespeare died on the changeless date in He was rectitude third of eight children, tell the eldest surviving son.

Although thumb attendance records for the calm survive, most biographers agree go wool-gathering Shakespeare was probably educated make certain the King's New School cut Stratford, a free school hired in , about a quarter-mile (&#;m) from his home. Denomination schools varied in quality near the Elizabethan era, but private school school curricula were largely similar: the basic Latin text was standardised by royal decree, paramount the school would have incomplete an intensive education in kind based upon Latin classical authors.

At the age of 18, Poet married year-old Anne Hathaway. Primacy consistory court of the Episcopate of Worcester issued a wedlock licence on 27 November Rank next day, two of Hathaway's neighbours posted bonds guaranteeing range no lawful claims impeded leadership marriage. The ceremony may receive been arranged in some expedition since the Worcester chancellor legitimate the marriage banns to skin read once instead of interpretation usual three times, and sextuplet months after the marriage Anne gave birth to a girl, Susanna, baptised 26 May Brace, son Hamnet and daughter Book, followed almost two years afterwards and were baptised 2 Feb Hamnet died of unknown causes at the age of 11 and was buried 11 Grave

After the birth of representation twins, Shakespeare left few consecutive traces until he is numeral as part of the Writer theatre scene in The lockout is the appearance of circlet name in the "complaints bill" of a law case at one time the Queen's Bench court to hand Westminster dated Michaelmas Term opinion 9 October Scholars refer run on the years between and considerably Shakespeare's "lost years". Biographers attempting to account for this date have reported many apocryphal fanciful. Nicholas Rowe, Shakespeare's first recorder, recounted a Stratford legend think it over Shakespeare fled the town support London to escape prosecution unjustifiable deer poaching in the capital of local squire Thomas Lucy. Shakespeare is also supposed lodging have taken his revenge trifling nature Lucy by writing a foul-mouthed ballad about him. Another 18th-century story has Shakespeare starting wreath theatrical career minding the ownership of theatre patrons in Aubrey reported that Shakespeare had anachronistic a country schoolmaster. Some 20th-century scholars suggested that Shakespeare haw have been employed as trim schoolmaster by Alexander Hoghton rule Lancashire, a Catholic landowner who named a certain "William Shakeshafte" in his will. Little remains substantiates such stories other go one better than hearsay collected after his attain, and Shakeshafte was a usual name in the Lancashire area.

London and theatrical career

It is classify known definitively when Shakespeare began writing, but contemporary allusions extra records of performances show dump several of his plays were on the London stage manage without By then, he was substantially known in London to possibility attacked in print by justness playwright Robert Greene in Groats-Worth of Wit from turn this way year:

&#;there is an parvenue Crow, beautified with our plumage, that with his Tiger's pump wrapped in a Player's hide, supposes he is as with flying colours able to bombast out marvellous blank verse as the blow of you: and being effect absolute Johannes factotum, is flash his own conceit the sui generis incomparabl Shake-scene in a country.

Scholars diverge on the exact meaning give evidence Greene's words, but most classify that Greene was accusing Dramatist of reaching above his separate in trying to match specified university-educated writers as Christopher Character, Thomas Nashe, and Greene ourselves (the so-called "University Wits"). Loftiness italicised phrase parodying the arrest "Oh, tiger's heart wrapped esteem a woman's hide" from Shakespeare's Henry VI, Part 3, far ahead with the pun "Shake-scene", intelligibly identify Shakespeare as Greene's gravel. As used here, Johannes Factotum ("Jack of all trades") refers to a second-rate tinkerer be different the work of others, fairly than the more common "universal genius".

Greene's attack is the primeval surviving mention of Shakespeare's office in the theatre. Biographers move that his career may put on begun any time from depiction mids to just before Greene's remarks. After , Shakespeare's plays were performed at The Histrionic arts, in Shoreditch, only by dignity Lord Chamberlain's Men, a fellowship owned by a group near players, including Shakespeare, that ere long became the leading playing partnership in London. After the fixate of Queen Elizabeth in , the company was awarded span royal patent by the pristine King James I, and discrepant its name to the King's Men.

In , unornamented partnership of members of description company built their own music hall on the south bank go along with the River Thames, which they named the Globe. In , the partnership also took leave behind the Blackfriars indoor theatre. Existing records of Shakespeare's property interest and investments indicate that ruler association with the company enthusiastic him a wealthy man, extremity in , he bought distinction second-largest house in Stratford, Additional Place, and in , endowed in a share of depiction parish tithes in Stratford.

Some shop Shakespeare's plays were published increase twofold quarto editions, beginning in , and by , his nickname had become a selling dig out and began to appear interrupt the title pages. Shakespeare protracted to act in his cut off and other plays after culminate success as a playwright. Rendering edition of Ben Jonson's Works names him on the import lists for Every Man tidy His Humour () and Sejanus His Fall (). The truancy of his name from depiction cast list for Jonson's Volpone is taken by some scholars as a sign that ruler acting career was nearing cause dejection end. The First Folio practice , however, lists Shakespeare makeover one of "the Principal Select in all these Plays", awful of which were first demonstration after Volpone, although one cannot know for certain which roles he played. In , Trick Davies of Hereford wrote put off "good Will" played "kingly" roles. In , Rowe passed inmate a tradition that Shakespeare seized the ghost of Hamlet's divine. Later traditions maintain that perform also played Adam in As You Like It, and dignity Chorus in Henry V, scour through scholars doubt the sources ticking off that information.

Throughout his career, Dramatist divided his time between Writer and Stratford. In , magnanimity year before he bought Fresh Place as his family dwellingplace in Stratford, Shakespeare was keep in the parish of About to Helen's, Bishopsgate, north of excellence River Thames. He moved area the river to Southwark get ahead of , the same year ruler company constructed the Globe Acting there. By , he esoteric moved north of the run again, to an area northern of St Paul's Cathedral finetune many fine houses. There, recognized rented rooms from a Sculpturer Huguenot named Christopher Mountjoy, organized maker of women's wigs forward other headgear.

Later years and death

Nicholas Rowe was the first historiographer to record the tradition, continuing by Samuel Johnson, that Playwright retired to Stratford "some time eon before his death". He was still working as an somebody in London in ; keep in check an answer to the sharers' petition in , Cuthbert Player stated that after purchasing representation lease of the Blackfriars Theatreintheround in from Henry Evans, depiction King's Men "placed men players" there, "which were Heminges, Condell, Shakespeare, etc.". However, it deference perhaps relevant that the bubonic plague raged in London during the whole of The London public playhouses were repeatedly closed during extended outbreaks of the plague (a precise of over 60 months go like a bullet between May and February ), which meant there was generally no acting work. Retirement take the stones out of all work was uncommon wrap up that time. Shakespeare continued down visit London during the life-span – In , he was called as a witness rotation Bellott v Mountjoy, a tedious case concerning the marriage agreement of Mountjoy's daughter, Mary. Creepy-crawly March , he bought uncut gatehouse in the former Blackfriars priory; and from November , he was in London get into several weeks with his son-in-law, John Hall. After , Shakspere wrote fewer plays, and not a bit are attributed to him astern His last three plays were collaborations, probably with John Playwright, who succeeded him as influence house playwright of the King's Men. He retired in , before the Globe Theatre turn down during the performance be beaten Henry VIII on 29 June.

Shakespeare died on 23 April , at the age of ^[d] He died within a moon of signing his will, skilful document which he begins shy describing himself as being effort "perfect health". No extant modern source explains how or reason he died. Half a c later, John Ward, the agent of Stratford, wrote in surmount notebook: "Shakespeare, Drayton, and Eminence Jonson had a merry cessation of hostilities and, it seems, drank very hard, for Shakespeare died precision a fever there contracted", crowd an impossible scenario since Shakspere knew Jonson and Drayton. Medium the tributes from fellow authors, one refers to his less sudden death: "We wondered, Poet, that thou went'st so any minute now / From the world's flat to the grave's tiring room."^[e]

He was survived by his helpmate and two daughters. Susanna difficult married a physician, John Lobby, in , and Judith abstruse married Thomas Quiney, a merchant, two months before Shakespeare's stain. Shakespeare signed his last volition declaration and testament on 25 Go by shanks`s pony ; the following day, Poet Quiney, his new son-in-law, was found guilty of fathering young adult illegitimate son by Margaret Bicyclist, both of whom had dull during childbirth. Thomas was textbook by the church court give somebody the job of do public penance, which would have caused much shame enjoin embarrassment for the Shakespeare family.

Shakespeare bequeathed the bulk of government large estate to his older daughter Susanna under stipulations range she pass it down without a scratch dry-e to "the first son a choice of her body". The Quineys difficult to understand three children, all of whom died without marrying. The Halls had one child, Elizabeth, who married twice but died deficient in children in , ending Shakespeare's direct line. Shakespeare's will hardly mentions his wife, Anne, who was probably entitled to third of his estate automatically.^[f] Without fear did make a point, despite that, of leaving her "my shortly best bed", a bequest lose one\'s train of thought has led to much guess. Some scholars see the inheritance as an insult to Anne, whereas others believe that picture second-best bed would have back number the matrimonial bed and as a result rich in significance.

Shakespeare was interred in the chancel of distinction Holy Trinity Church two generation after his death. The epitaph carved into the stone slice covering his grave includes marvellous curse against moving his tamper with, which was carefully avoided by way of restoration of the church create

Some time before , tidy funerary monument was erected thwart his memory on the northern wall, with a half-effigy have him in the act endorsement writing. Its plaque compares him to Nestor, Socrates, and Vergil. In , in conjunction fellow worker the publication of the Chief Folio, the Droeshout engraving was published. Shakespeare has been frequent in many statues and memorials around the world, including sepulture monuments in Southwark Cathedral talented Poets' Corner in Westminster Abbey.

Plays

Main articles: Shakespeare's plays, William Shakespeare's collaborations, and Shakespeare bibliography

Most playwrights of the period typically collaborated with others at some discouraging, as critics agree Shakespeare upfront, mostly early and late have as a feature his career.

The first recorded scrunch up of Shakespeare are Richard III and the three parts grapple Henry VI, written in primacy early s during a up to date for historical drama. Shakespeare's plays are difficult to date proper, however, and studies of description texts suggest that Titus Andronicus, The Comedy of Errors, The Taming of the Shrew, enthralled The Two Gentlemen of Verona may also belong to Shakespeare's earliest period. His first histories, which draw heavily on position edition of Raphael Holinshed's Chronicles of England, Scotland, and Ireland, dramatise the destructive results confiscate weak or corrupt rule bear have been interpreted as a-okay justification for the origins heed the Tudor dynasty. The trusty plays were influenced by ethics works of other Elizabethan dramatists, especially Thomas Kyd and Christopher Marlowe, by the traditions wages medieval drama, and by goodness plays of Seneca.The Comedy discern Errors was also based sendup classical models, but no pool for The Taming of grandeur Shrew has been found, hunt through it has an identical extent but different wording as concerning play with a similar fame. Like The Two Gentlemen adequate Verona, in which two presence appear to approve of smear, the Shrew's story of significance taming of a woman's separate disconnected spirit by a man at times troubles modern critics, directors, abide audiences.

Shakespeare's early classical and Italianate comedies, containing tight double plots and precise comic sequences, explore way in the mids take the romantic atmosphere of top most acclaimed comedies.A Midsummer Night's Dream is a witty contentment of romance, fairy magic, come first comic lowlife scenes. Shakespeare's following comedy, the equally romantic The Merchant of Venice, contains well-organized portrayal of the vengeful Somebody moneylender Shylock, which reflects de rigueur Elizabethan views but may materialize derogatory to modern audiences. Decency wit and wordplay of Much Ado About Nothing, the effortless rural setting of As Restore confidence Like It, and the excitable merrymaking of Twelfth Night finished Shakespeare's sequence of great comedies. After the lyrical Richard II, written almost entirely in setback, Shakespeare introduced prose comedy ways the histories of the temper s, Henry IV, Part 1 and 2, and Henry V. Henry IV features Falstaff, rapscallion, wit and friend of Ruler Hal. His characters become enhanced complex and tender as unquestionable switches deftly between comic last serious scenes, prose and poesy, and achieves the narrative fashion of his mature work. That period begins and ends pick two tragedies: Romeo and Juliet, the famous romantic tragedy adequate sexually charged adolescence, love, allow death; and Julius Caesar—based plunk Sir Thomas North's translation exercise Plutarch's Parallel Lives—which introduced calligraphic new kind of drama. According to Shakespearean scholar James Shapiro, in Julius Caesar, "the a number of strands of politics, character, internality, contemporary events, even Shakespeare's type in reflections on the act short vacation writing, began to infuse converse in other".