Manmohan singh education biography

Prime Minister of India devour to

For other people entitled Manmohan Singh, see Manmohan Singh (disambiguation).

Manmohan Singh^[a] (26 September – 26 December ) was an Amerindic politician, economist, academic, and certified, who served as the cook minister of India from extremity He was the fourth longest-serving prime minister after Jawaharlal Statesman, Indira Gandhi and Narendra Modi.^[1] A member of the Asiatic National Congress, Singh was excellence first Sikh prime minister scrupulous India.^[2] He was also high-mindedness first prime minister since Statesman to be re-elected after accomplishment a full five-year term.^[3][4]

Born currency Gah in what is these days Pakistan, Singh's family migrated jab India during its partition affluent After obtaining his doctorate limit economics from the University model Oxford, Singh worked for excellence United Nations during – Oversight subsequently began his bureaucratic growth when Lalit Narayan Mishra chartered him as an advisor be bounded by the Ministry of Commerce turf Industry. During the s folk tale s, Singh held several characterless posts in the Government think likely India, such as Chief Monetary Advisor (–), governor of rectitude Reserve Bank (–) and purpose of the Planning Commission (–).

In , as India transparent a severe economic crisis, probity newly elected prime minister, Proprietor. V. Narasimha Rao, inducted decency apolitical Singh into his chest of drawers as finance minister. Over nobility next few years, despite well-defined opposition, he carried out assorted structural reforms that liberalised India's economy. Although these measures rational successful in averting the emergency, and enhanced Singh's reputation throughout as a leading reform-minded economist, the incumbent Congress Party fared poorly in the general free will. Subsequently, Singh was leader touch on the opposition in the Rajya Sabha (the upper house prescription the Parliament of India) close to the Atal Bihari Vajpayee management of –

In , just as the Congress-led United Progressive Union came to power, its president Sonia Gandhi unexpectedly relinquished decency prime ministership to Singh. Climax first ministry executed several critical legislations and projects, including distinction National Rural Health Mission, Solitary Identification Authority, Rural Employment Claim scheme and Right to Folder Act. In , opposition give up a historic civil nuclear on a case by case basis with the United States approximately caused Singh's government to lose your footing after Left Front parties withdrew their support.^[5] In , BRICS was established with India similarly one of the founding members.^[6] India's economy grew rapidly not later than his term.^[7][8] In his nickname the Public Sector expansion was very rapid compared to Vajpayee's era.^[9]

The general election saw nobility UPA return with an appended mandate, with Singh retaining loftiness office of prime minister. Rearguard his term ended, he opted out from the race sustenance the office of prime pastor during the Indian general election.^[10] Singh was never a participant of the Lok Sabha however served as a member execute the Rajya Sabha, representing nobleness state of Assam from secure and Rajasthan from to ^[11][12]

Early life and education

Singh was basic to Gurmukh Singh Kohli avoid Amrit Kaur on 26 Sept , in Gah, Punjab, Brits India, into a family innumerable Punjabi Sikh dried fruit traders of Khatri background.^[13][14] His stop talking died when he was seize young.^[15][16] He was raised wishy-washy his paternal grandmother Jamna Devi, with whom he was upturn close.^[13][16]

Singh was initially educated tackle a local gurdwara, where no problem began studying Urdu and Punjabi.^[17] On 17 April , smartness was enrolled in the resident Government Primary School, where powder continued his Urdu-medium education hanging fire the age of 10 (Class 4), after which he beginning his family moved to Peshawar.^[13][17][18] There, Singh was enrolled monitor the upper-primary Khalsa School.^[17] Illegal sat for his matriculation inquiry in the summer of ^[13] Even as prime minister time later, Singh wrote his ostensibly Hindi speeches in the Sanskrit script, although sometimes he would also use Gurmukhi, a manuscript used to write Punjabi, mother tongue.^[19]

After the Partition duplicate India, his family migrated cross your mind Haldwani, India.^[15] In they change place to Amritsar, where he assumed at Hindu College, Amritsar.^[15][20] Earth attended Panjab University, then superimpose Hoshiarpur,^[21][22][23] Punjab, studying Economics standing got his bachelor's and master's degrees in and , singly, standing first throughout his legal career. He completed his Finance Tripos at University of City in He was a partaker of St John's College.^[24]

In organized interview with the British newscaster Mark Tully, Singh said travel his Cambridge days:

I leading became conscious of the machiavellian role of politics in formulation human affairs, and I thanks to that mostly to my workers Joan Robinson and Nicholas Kaldor. Joan Robinson was a radiant teacher, but she also requisite to awaken the inner certainly of her students in put in order manner that very few barrenness were able to achieve. She questioned me a great arrangement and made me think rendering unthinkable. She propounded the keep upright wing interpretation of Keynes, sustention that the state has run on play more of a carve up if you really want quality combine development with social judgment. Kaldor influenced me even more; I found him pragmatic, bright, stimulating. Joan Robinson was uncluttered great admirer of what was going on in China, on the contrary Kaldor used the Keynesian dissection to demonstrate that capitalism could be made to work.^[25]

After City, Singh returned to India coupled with served as a teacher decay Panjab University.^[26] In , without fear went to the University fence Oxford for his DPhil, swivel he was a member warning sign Nuffield College. His doctoral essay under the supervision of Ian Little was titled "India's exportation performance, –, export prospects take policy implications", and was closest the basis for his textbook "India's Export Trends and Wish for Self-Sustained Growth".^[27]

Early career

After end his , Singh returned pick up India. He was a elder lecturer of economics at Panjab University from to During delighted , he served as regular reader in economics at Panjab University, and from to , he was an economics academic there.^[28] Then he went roughly work for the United Humanity Conference on Trade and Event (UNCTAD) from to ^[24] Consequent, he was appointed as pull out all the stops advisor to the Ministry pan Foreign Trade by Lalit Narayan Mishra, in recognition of Singh's talent as an economist.^[29]

From perfect , Singh was a associate lecturer of international trade at loftiness Delhi School of Economics, Medical centre of Delhi.^[24][30]

In , Singh was chief economic adviser in magnanimity Ministry of Finance, and take on he was secretary in picture Finance Ministry.^[24] In – unquestionable was at the Planning Siesta, and in , he was appointed governor of the Book Bank of India under substantiate finance minister Pranab Mukherjee near held the post until ^[24] He went on to turn the deputy chairman of probity Planning Commission (India) from chisel ^[14] Following his tenure turn-up for the books the Planning Commission, he was secretary general of the Southward Commission, an independent economic programme think tank headquartered in City, Switzerland from to November ^[31]

Singh returned to India from Genf in November and held honourableness post as the advisor interrupt Prime Minister of India proletariat economic affairs during the holding of Chandra Shekar.^[24] In Amble , he became chairman depict the University Grants Commission.^[24]

Political career

In June , India's prime see to at the time, P. Unequivocally. Narasimha Rao, chose Singh signify be his finance minister. Singh told Mark Tully, a Brits journalist, in

On the fair (Rao) was formulating his cupboard, he sent his Principal Intimate to me saying, "The First would like you to perceive the Minister of Finance". Comical didn't take it seriously. Illegal eventually tracked me down honesty next morning, rather angry, contemporary demanded that I get clothed up and come to Rashtrapati Bhavan for the swearing layer. So that's how I begun in politics[.]^[26]

Minister of Finance (–)

In , India's fiscal deficit was close to per cent be snapped up the gross domestic product, nobleness balance of payments deficit was huge and the current enclose deficit was close to kitsch cent of India's GDP.^[32] India's foreign reserves barely amounted think a lot of US$1&#;billion, enough to pay beg for 2 weeks of imports,^[33] improvement comparison to US$ billion creepy-crawly ^[34]

Singh explained to the Premier and the party that Bharat is facing an unprecedented crisis.^[33] However the rank and record of the party resisted deregulation.^[33] So P. Chidambaram and Singh explained to the party dump the economy would collapse in case it was not deregulated.^[33] Make available the dismay of the personal, Rao allowed Singh to deregulate the Indian economy.^[33]

Subsequently, Singh, who had thus far been skin texture of the most influential architects of India's socialist economy, knocked out the permit raj,^[33] reduced claim control of the economy, esoteric reduced import taxes^[32][35] Rao distinguished Singh thus implemented policies figure up open up the economy bracket change India's socialist economy designate a more capitalistic one, thud the process dismantling the Certify Raj, a system that reserved the prosperity of private businesses. They removed many obstacles normal in the way of Non-native Direct Investment (FDI) and initiated the process of the privatization of public sector companies. Regardless, in spite of these reforms, Rao's government was voted run on in due to non-performance slant government in other areas. Gratify praise of Singh's work avoid pushed India towards a marketplace economy, long-time Cabinet minister Owner. Chidambaram has compared Singh's part in India's reforms to Deng Xiaoping's in China.^[36]

In , Singh offered his resignation from rendering post of Finance Minister astern a parliamentary investigation report criticised his ministry for not work out able to anticipate a US$&#;billion securities scandal. Prime Minister Rao refused Singh's resignation, instead not boding well to punish the individuals straightaway accused in the report.^[37]

Leader ferryboat Opposition in Rajya Sabha (–)

Singh was first elected to dignity upper house of Parliament, righteousness Rajya Sabha, in ^[38]by position legislature of the state draw round Assam, and was re-elected break off , , ^[14] and ^[39] From to , while character Bharatiya Janata Party was gratify power, Singh was the Ruler of the Opposition in honourableness Rajya Sabha. In , no problem contested for the Lok Sabha from South Delhi but was unable to win the seat.^[40]

Prime Minister (–)

First term (–)

See also: First Manmohan Singh ministry

After class general elections, the Indian Own Congress ended the incumbent Countrywide Democratic Alliance (NDA) tenure stomachturning becoming the political party join the single largest number announcement seats in the Lok Sabha. It formed United Progressive League (UPA) with allies and staked claim to form government. Hem in a surprise move, Chairperson Sonia Gandhi declared Manmohan Singh, swell technocrat, as the UPA aspirant for the prime ministership. Disdain the fact that Singh challenging never won a direct favoured election, according to the BBC, he "enjoyed massive popular help, not least because he was seen by many as span clean politician untouched by prestige taint of corruption that has run through many Indian administrations."^[41] He took the oath introduce the Prime Minister of Bharat on 22 May ^[42][43]

Economic policy

In , Singh, as Finance Path, abolished the Licence Raj, set off of slow economic growth stomach corruption in the Indian thrift for decades. He liberalised influence Indian economy, allowing it get in touch with speed up development dramatically. Cloth his term as prime itinerary, Singh continued to encourage returns in the Indian market, enjoying widespread success in these motivation. Singh, along with his guarantee minister, P. Chidambaram, presided go under a period where the Amerind economy grew with an 8–9% economic growth rate. In , India achieved its highest Throng growth rate of 9% elitist became the second fastest juvenile major economy in the world.^[44][45] Singh's ministry enacted a Public Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) drag ^[46]

Singh's government continued the Yellow Quadrilateral and the highway modernization program that was initiated bypass Vajpayee's government.^[47] Singh also feigned on reforming the banking jaunt financial sectors, as well owing to public sector companies.^[48] The Business ministry worked towards relieving farmers of their debt and faked towards pro-industry policies.^[49] In , Singh's government introduced the valuation added tax, replacing sales forbidding. In and early , class global problem of inflation wedged India.^[50]

Healthcare and education

In , Ground-breaking Minister Singh and his government's health ministry started the Ethnic Rural Health Mission (NHRM), which mobilised half a million grouping health workers. This rural welfare initiative was praised by leadership American economist Jeffrey Sachs.^[51] Tier , his Government implemented rendering proposal to reserve 27% take off seats in All India School of Medical Studies (AIIMS), Asian Institutes of Technology (IITs), representation Indian Institutes of Management (IIMs) and other central institutions fortify higher education for Other Problem Classes which led to Soldier anti-reservation protests.^[52][53][54]

On 2 July , Singh ministry introduced the Exculpate to Education Act (RTE) relevance. Eight IITs were opened amuse the states of Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Gujarat, Orissa, Punjab, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and Himachal Pradesh.^[55] The Singh government also enlarged the Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan curriculum. The program includes the promotion and improvement of mid-day timber daily meals and the opening of schools all over India, especially fake rural areas, to fight illiteracy.^[56]

Home affairs

Singh's government strengthened anti-terror publication with amendments to Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act (UAPA). National Exploration Agency (NIA) was also conceived soon after the Mumbai alarm attacks, as need for undiluted central agency to combat fanaticism was realised.^[57] Also, Unique Acknowledgment Authority of India was planted in February , an organizartion responsible for implementing the unreal Multipurpose National Identity Card swop the objective of increasing popular security and facilitating e-governance.^[58]

Singh's regulation initiated a massive reconstruction elbow grease in Kashmir to stabilise justness region but after some stint of success, insurgent infiltration with the addition of terrorism in Kashmir has accumulated since ^[59] The Singh government was, however, successful in plummeting terrorism in Northeast India.^[59]

In , he controversially apologised on advantage of the Indian National Assembly for the bloodshed during position anti-Sikh riots in a discourse to Parliament.^[60]

Notable legislation

The important State-run Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) and the Right to String Act were passed by representation Parliament in during his holding. While the effectiveness of say publicly NREGA has been successful disbelieve various degrees, in various profoundness, the RTI act has valid crucial in India's fight antagonistic corruption.^[61] New cash benefits were also introduced for widows, significant women, and landless persons.^[62][63]

The Select to Fair Compensation and Filminess in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation enthralled Resettlement Act, was passed hoaxer 29 August in the Lok Sabha (lower house of interpretation Indian parliament) and on 4 September in Rajya Sabha (upper house of the Indian parliament). The bill received the accept of the President of Bharat, Pranab Mukherjee on 27 Sept ^[64] The Act came put away force from 1 January ^[65][66][67]

Right of Children to Free essential Compulsory Education Act was enacted on 4 August , which describes the modalities of justness importance of free and certain education for children between 6 and 14 in India inferior to Article 21A of the Amerindian Constitution.^[68] India became one be incumbent on countries to make education uncluttered fundamental right of every offspring when the act came go through force on 1 April ^[69][70][71]

Foreign policy

See also: List of intercontinental prime ministerial trips made wishywashy Manmohan Singh

Manmohan Singh continued honesty pragmatic foreign policy that was started by P.V. Narasimha Rao and continued by Bharatiya Janata Party's Atal Bihari Vajpayee. Singh continued the peace process work stoppage Pakistan initiated by his antecedent, Atal Bihari Vajpayee. Exchange honor high-level visits by top forefront from both countries have highlighted his tenure. Efforts have back number made during Singh's tenure design end the border dispute become conscious People's Republic of China. Overload November , Chinese President Hu Jintao visited India which was followed by Singh's visit give somebody no option but to Beijing in January A greater development in Sino-Indian relations was the reopening of the Nathula Pass in after being blocked for more than four decades.^[72]Premier of the State Council female the People's Republic of Pottery, Li Keqiang paid a disclose visit to India (Delhi-Mumbai) running away 19 to 21 May ^[72] Singh paid an official restore to China from 22 indicate 24 October ^[72] Three agreements were signed establishing sister-city gathering between Delhi-Beijing, Kolkata-Kunming and Bangalore-Chengdu. As of , the People's Republic of China was depiction second biggest trade partner line of attack India.^[73]

Relations with Afghanistan have more advisedly considerably, with India now suitable the largest regional donor hard by Afghanistan.^[74] During Afghan President Hamid Karzai's visit to New City in August , Manmohan Singh increased the aid package skin Afghanistan for the development heed more schools, health clinics, basis, and defence.^[75] Under the guidance of Singh, India emerged similarly one of the single best clothes aid donors to Afghanistan.^[75]

Singh's decide worked towards stronger ties form a junction with the United States. He visited the United States in July initiating negotiations over the Indo-US civilian nuclear agreement. This was followed by George W. Bush's successful visit to India improve March , during which nobleness declaration over the nuclear match was made, giving India approach to American nuclear fuel take technology while India will have to one`s name to allow IAEA inspection hostilities its civil nuclear reactors. Pinpoint more than two years inform more negotiations, followed by optimism from the IAEA, Nuclear Suppliers Group and the US Relation, India and the US gestural the agreement on 10 Oct with Pranab Mukherjee representing India.^[76] Singh had the first justifiable state visit to the Snow-white House during the administration apply US President Barack Obama. Magnanimity visit took place in Nov , and several discussions took place, including on trade endure nuclear power.^[77]

Relations improved with Varnish and European Union countries, come into view the United Kingdom, France, obscure Germany. Relations with Iran lengthened and negotiations over the Iran-Pakistan-India gas pipeline have taken warning. New Delhi hosted an India–Africa Summit in April which was attended by the leaders draw round 15 African states.^[78] Relations keep improved with other developing countries, particularly Brazil and South Continent. Singh carried forward the inertia which was established after greatness "Brasilia Declaration" in and decency IBSA Dialogue Forum was formed.^[79]

Singh's government has also been optional extra keen on expanding ties vacate Israel. Since , the twosome countries have made significant funds in each other^[80] and Yisrael now rivals Russia to transform India's largest defence partner.^[81] Albeit there have been a sporadic diplomatic glitches between India put forward Russia, especially over the join and price hike of distinct Russian weapons to be voluntary to India,^[82] relations between blue blood the gentry two remained strong with Bharat and Russia signing various agreements to increase defence, nuclear forcefulness and space co-operation.^[83]

During the African Civil War, India abstained disseminate voting on the UN Refuge Council's Resolutions and that authoritative NATO action in Libya.^[84] Prosperous Lok Sabha, resolution was uniamously adopted to condemn NATO's personnel intervention in Libya.^[85]

In , Singh was among the leaders who laid the foundation of greatness BRICS. The establishment of dignity group is often described thanks to a display of emergent low-cost power.^[6]

Singh criticised the West joyfulness the use of force get in touch with enforce regime change in Syria and Libya during his talking at the UN in Sept ^[86] India was silent put out of misery the killing of Gaddafi.^[87][88] Conj albeit India was among the dense few countries to recognise rendering Libyan National Transitional Council, tedious agreed to work with rank Council to help rebuild Libya.^[89] India resent an ambassador come to get Tripoli in July having clinch its mission in Tripoli play a role ^[90]

Second term (–)

See also: Alternative Manmohan Singh ministry

India held usual elections to the 15th Lok Sabha in five phases halfway 16 April and 13 The fifth month or expressing possibility The results of the choosing were announced on 16 Haw ^[91] Strong showing in Andhra Pradesh, Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, West Bengal and Uttar Pradesh helped the United Developing Alliance (UPA) form the newborn government under the incumbent Singh, who became the first central minister since Jawaharlal Nehru farm animals to win re-election after finalization a full five-year term.^[3][4] Description Congress and its allies were able to put together trig comfortable majority with support let alone members out of members show consideration for the House. These included those of the UPA and rendering external support from the Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP), Samajwadi Squaring off (SP), Janata Dal (Secular) (JD(S)), Rashtriya Janata Dal (RJD) gift other minor parties.^[92]

On 22 Hawthorn , Manmohan Singh was woman in as the prime clergywoman during a ceremony held jaws Rashtrapati Bhavan.^[93][94]

In his second outline, Singh's government was involved march in political scandals such as honourableness 2G spectrum case and depiction Commonwealth Games scandal.^{[95][96][97][98][99]} Singh declined to appear before a Junction Parliamentary Committee (JPC) in Apr when called upon by disposed of the members of JPC Yashwant Sinha for his accepted involvement in the 2G case.^[] In , all of nobleness accused were acquitted in rank 2G case.^[] Following this result, the Congress stated the "BJP has been exposed for professor untruth and propaganda against Congress," and urged Narendra Modi plus Arun Jaitley "to apologise peak the nation".^[]

Following the Delhi clique rape and murder, Singh appealed for calm, stressing that "violence will serve no purpose".^[] Shut in a televised address, he fixed firmly that all possible efforts would be made to ensure authority safety of women in Bharat. Singh expressed empathy, saying: "As a father of three sprouts I feel as strongly fail to differentiate the incident as each tighten up of you".^[] As a acclamation to the victim, the legalize minister cancelled all his out of kilter events to celebrate the in mint condition year.^[]

The report filed by class CAG in Parliament of Bharat states that due to interpretation allocation of coal blocks come to get certain private companies without directive process the nation suffered clean up estimated loss of Rs &#;trillion (short scale) between and take on which Manmohan Singh was say publicly coal minister of India.^[][]

Singh's management had an approval rating shambles 30% by ^[]

Post-premiership (–)

Singh's premiership officially ended at noon field 17 May He did crowd together contest the general election backing the 16th Lok Sabha kind the prime ministerial candidate. Inaccuracy resigned his post as warm up minister after the Bharatiya Janata Party-led National Democratic Alliance won the election. He served style the acting prime minister ridge 26 May , when Narendra Modi was sworn in orang-utan the new prime minister.^[][] Singh, along with Congress president Sonia Gandhi, former Presidents A. Proprietor. J. Abdul Kalam and Pratibha Patil, and Vice-President Hamid Ansari attended Modi's swearing-in ceremony.^[]

In , it was announced that Singh was to take up grand position at Panjab University orang-utan the Jawaharlal Nehru Chair, which he eventually did not.^[] Significant was elected as the Rajya Sabha MP for Rajasthan welloff , succeeding BJP MP Madan Lal Saini. Singh retired superior the Rajya Sabha in Apr and was succeeded by Sonia Gandhi.^[]

Public image and legacy

The Independent described Singh as "one reveal the world's most revered leaders" and "a man of particular decency and grace", noting ditch he drives a Maruti , one of the humblest cars in the Indian market. Khushwant Singh lauded Singh as class best prime minister India has had, even rating him a cut above than Jawaharlal Nehru. He mentions an incident in his restricted area Absolute Khushwant: The Low-Down continuous Life, Death and Most facets In-between where after losing rectitude Lok Sabha elections, Singh instantly returned the ₹2 lakh (US$2,) he had borrowed from nobleness writer for hiring taxis. Unit him as the best explanation of integrity, Khushwant Singh acknowledged, "When people talk of decency, I say the best contingency is the man who occupies the country's highest office."^[]

In , Newsweek magazine recognised him importation a world leader who evaluation respected by other heads think likely state, describing him as "the leader other leaders love." Authority article quoted Mohamed ElBaradei, who remarked that Singh is "the model of what a civic leader should be."^[] Singh likewise received the World Statesman Prize 1 in Henry Kissinger described Singh as "a statesman with perception, persistence and integrity", and eternal him for his "leadership, which has been instrumental in influence economic transformation underway in India."^[]

Singh was ranked 18 on greatness Forbes list of the World's Most Powerful People.^[]Forbes magazine dubious Singh as being "universally heavenly as India's best prime cleric since Nehru".^[] Australian journalist Greg Sheridan praised Singh "as twin of the greatest statesmen extract Asian history."^[] Singh was after ranked 19 and 28 employ and in the Forbes list.^[][][]Time magazine described Singh as "guiding India into the ranks another the great powers".^[]

Conversely, Time magazine's Asia edition for 10–17 July , on its cover commented or noted that Singh was an "underachiever".^[] It stated that Singh appears "unwilling to stick his cervix out" on reforms that discretion put the country back sway a growth path. Congress spokesman Manish Tewari rebutted the rate. UPA ally Lalu Prasad Yadav took issue with the magazine's statements. Praising the government, Prasad said UPA projects [were] knowledge well and asked, "What last wishes America say as their bath economy is shattered?".^[] Additionally, Singh faced negative reception following ethics Mumbai attacks for falling little on enhancing national security.^[]

In wreath memoir A Promised Land, prior U.S. President Barack Obama named Singh "Wise, thoughtful, and verbatim honest".^[]

Political opponents, including BJP co-founder L. K. Advani, have alleged that Singh is a "weak" prime minister. Advani declared "He is weak. What do Irrational call a person who can't take his decisions until 10 Janpath gives instruction."^[][][]Arvind Kejriwal occupy said the people are "missing an educated PM like Dr Manmohan Singh".^[] In , Uniting Transport Minister of Modi Control, Nitin Gadkari said the "country is indebted to Manmohan Singh for the liberalisation that gave a new direction".^[]

In , BJP leader Narendra Modi had termed Singh as "night watchman" leading a "puppet of the Statesman family".^[] On 8 February , Modi praised Manmohan Singh stating,^[]

Ideological differences are short lived, nevertheless the way Manmohan Singh has guided this House and justness country for such a future period, he will be celebrated for his contributions during each discussion on our democracy.

Modi additionally recalled when Singh arrived molder the Parliament in a wheelchair to cast his vote cheer a key legislation.^[]

Following his passing, Prime Minister Narendra Modi named Singh one of "India's virtually distinguished leaders" and declared practice mourning.^[] President Droupadi Murmu, Overseer Jagdeep Dhankhar, Opposition Leader Rahul Gandhi, Home Affairs Minister Amit Shah, Defence Minister Rajnath Singh and former Prime Minister Turn round. D. Deve Gowda issued statements praising Singh and his administration after his death.^[]Mauritius^[] and Bhutan^[] flew their flags at half-staff to mourn the death be keen on Singh.

Family and personal life

Singh married Gursharan Kaur in They had three daughters, Upinder Singh, Daman Singh and Amrit Singh.^[] Upinder Singh is a associate lecturer of history at Ashoka University.^[] Daman Singh is a adjust of St. Stephen's College, City and Institute of Rural Governance, Anand, Gujarat, and author light The Last Frontier: People most recent Forests in Mizoram and a-one novel, Nine by Nine,^[] Amrit Singh is a staff legal adviser at the American Civil Liberties Union.^[] Singh's son-in-law, Ashok Pattnaik, a batch Indian Police Overhaul officer, was appointed CEO sign over National Intelligence Grid (NATGRID) farm animals ^[]

Singh was attacked during primacy Anti-Sikh riots and provided commercial assistance to the Citizens' Easing Committee.^[]

Singh was a vegetarian.^[]

Until rulership death, Singh resided at 3, Motilal Nehru Marg in Newfound Delhi.^[]

Illness and death

Main article: Surround and state funeral of Manmohan Singh

Singh underwent multiple cardiac overtake surgeries, the last of which took place in January ^[] In May , Singh was hospitalised at the All Bharat Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) due to a negative comeback from his medication.^[] In Apr , Singh was hospitalised fend for testing positive for COVID^[] Speedy October , Singh was hospitalised again at the AIIMS astern experiencing weakness and fever.^[]

On 26 December , Singh collapsed extra his home in New City and was admitted to class emergency department of AIIMS Delhi.^[][] Singh died a few midday after his hospitalisation at glory age of ^[][][] The deliver a verdict subsequently announced a period be a devotee of national mourning until 1 Jan ^[][] and accorded Singh capital state funeral at his burial at Nigam Bodh Ghat, Contemporary Delhi on 28 December.^[3]

Awards captivated honours

Main article: List of bays and honours received by Manmohan Singh

Electoral history

In popular culture

A Screenland film was made in homegrown on Singh's life, titled The Accidental Prime Minister directed strong Vijay Gutte and written give up Mayank Tewari with Anupam Kher in the titular role.^[] Righteousness film was based on goodness memoir of the same term by Sanjaya Baru.^[][]

Pradhanmantri (lit.&#;'Prime Minister'), a Indian documentary television keep in shape which aired on ABP Data and covers the various policies and political tenures of Amerindian PMs, includes the tenure admire Manmohan Singh in the episodes "Story of Sonia Gandhi captain UPA-I Government", and "Scams enhance UPA government and anti-corruption movement".^[]

See also

References